Iitekhnoloji ezininzi eziphezulu zitshintsha ubomi bethu yonke imihla. Ukufika nokukhula kweImoto yombane (i-ev)Ngumzekelo ophambili wendlela kuphela enokuthetha ngayo ubomi bethu beshishini - kwaye kubomi bethu.
Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye noxinzelelo lolawulo lokusingqongileyo kwi-injini yokuqubha yangaphakathi (i-ice) iqhuba inzala yokwandisa inzala kwintengiso ye-EV. Abavelisi abaninzi abamiselweyo abazimiseleyo bazisa iimodeli ezintsha ze-Ev, ecaleni kwe-qatsela elitsha elingena kwintengiso. Ngokukhethwa kweemodeli ezikhoyo namhlanje, kwaye okuninzi okuzayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba sonke sinokuqhuba ii -v kwixesha elizayo.
Itekhnoloji enamandla e-Evs yanamhlanje ifuna utshintsho oluninzi ukusuka kwindlela ezenziwe ngendlela yemveli. Inkqubo yokwakha ii-EVs ifuna phantse ithathelwa ingqalelo njengezilwanyana zemoto ngokwayo. Oko kubandakanya umgca wesikhululo seerobhothi oyilelwe ngokukodwa usetyenziso lwe-ED-kunye nemigca eguqukayo yemveliso eneerobhothi ezinokuntywila ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamanqaku ahlukeneyo omgca njengoko kufuneka.
Kule magazini siza kuhlolisisa leliphi utshintsho olufunekayo kwiyilo kunye nemveliso ye-EVs namhlanje. Siza kuthetha ngendlela iinkqubo neenkqubo zemveliso ezahlukileyo kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izithuthi ezenziwe ngegesi.
Uyilo, amacandelo kunye neenkqubo zemveliso
Nangona uphuhliso lwe-EV luye lwalandelwa ngamandla ngabaphandi kunye nabavelisi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, umdla wabekwa ngenxa yeendleko zexabiso eliphantsi, eziveliswe zizithuthi. Uphando oluvela ukusuka ngo-1920 kwada kwayi-1960s xa kusithiwa kwemicimbi yokusingqongileyo kunye noloyiko lokuphelisa ubutyebi bendalo lwenziwe ngenjongo yokuthuthwa kwendalo.
I-eD sharinguyilo
I-EVs yanamhlanje yahluke kakhulu kwi-ice (i-injini ye-injini ye-injini ye-injini ye-petroli. Uhlobo olutsha lwe-EVs luye lwangenelwa kuthotho lweenzame eziphumelelayo zokuyila kwaye wakhe izithuthi zombane usebenzisa iindlela zemveli zemveliso ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi bamashumi eminyaka.
Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwindlela ezenziwa ngayo i-evs xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zomkhenkce. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo kukukhusela i-injini, kodwa oku kugxilwe ngoku ngoku kutshitshiswa ekukhuseleni iibhetri ukuba zenze i-iv. Abayili beemoto kunye neenjineli ziphinda ziphinde ziqonde ukuyilwa kwe-EVs, kunye neendlela ezintsha zemveliso kunye neendlela zendibano ukuze zazise. Ngoku bayila i-EV ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kuqwalaselwa kakhulu kwi-aerodynamics, ubunzima kunye namanye asebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
An Ibhetri yemoto yombane (i-EVB)Ngumgangatho ophantsi weebhetri ezisetyenziselwa amandla e-mani yombane kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-EVs. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion-ion elungiselelwe ngokukodwa iyure ephezulu yeyure (okanye kwi-kilowathour). Iibhetri ezihlawulelwayo zetekhnoloji yelitha iteknoloji yezindlu zeplastiki eziqukethe i-anode kunye ne-cathodes. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isebenzisa i-polymer electrolyte endaweni ye-electrolyte yolwelo. Impumelelo ephezulu yeSemimolid (i-gel) i-polymers iyenza le electrolte.
I-Lithium-ionIibhetriIibhetri ezijikelezayo ezenzelwe ukunika amandla kwizinto ezinzileyo zexesha. Zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu, iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinqwenelekile kuba zinciphisa ubunzima besithuthi kwaye ke ziphucule ukusebenza kwaso.
Ezi bheli zibonelela ngamandla aphezulu kunezinye iintlobo zebhetri ze-lithium. Ziqhelekile ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo apho ubunzima buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengezixhobo zeselula, inqwelo moya elawulwa ngerediyo kwaye, ngoku, i-EVS. Ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lithium-ion inokugcina iiyure eziyi-150 zombane kwibhetri enobunzima obuyi-1 yeekhilomitha.
Kule minyaka mibini ikwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwiTekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion iqhutywa ngokweemfuno ezivela kwi-elektroniki ephathwayo, iikhompyuter zelaptop, iifowuni, izixhobo zeselula, izixhobo zamandla kunye nezinye izixhobo. Umzi-mveliso we-EV uvune izibonelelo zale nkqubela phambili ekusebenzeni nasebusweni lwamandla. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iifilizeries zebhetri, i-Lithium-i-Ion-Ion inokukhutshelwa kwaye iphinde yafunyanwa yonke imihla nangaliphi na inqanaba letyala.
Kukho itekhnoloji exhasa ukudalwa kwezinye iintlobo zobunzima obuqaqambileyo, iibhetri ezinokuthenjwa, kwaye zixabisa iibhetri- kunye nophando ziyaqhubeka nokunciphisa inani leebhetri ezifunekayo kwii -v. Iibhetri ezigcina amandla kunye namandla iimoto zombane ziye zavela kwitekhnoloji yeyabo kwaye ziyatshintsha phantse yonke imihla.
Inkqubo yokuTshintsha
Ii-Evs zinemigangatho yombane, ikwabhekiswa kuyo njengeyona ntlawulo okanye inkqubo ye-propulsion- kwaye inezinyithi zentsimbi ezingafunekiyo i-qubrication. Inkqubo iguqula amandla ombane kwibhetri kwaye idlulisele kuloliwe wokuqhuba.
I-EVs ingenziwa ngesondo okanye i-propulsion yevili, isebenzisa i-mats ezimbini okanye ezine ngokwahlukeneyo. Zombini ezi ngqo ngqo (DC) kunye nokutshintsha i-Motors ezikhoyo (AC) zisetyenziswa kule ntsebenzo okanye kwezi nkqubo ze-propulsion kwii-EV. I-CORTOTO ZOKUFUNDILEYO NGOKU, ngenxa yokuba bengasebenzisi ibhulashi kwaye bafuna ulondolozo oluncinci.
I-ED Coulneller
I-ED I-Motors ikwabandakanya umlawuli we-elektroniki onobunkunkqele. Lo mlawuli ugubungela iphakheji ye-elektroniki esebenza phakathi kweebhetri kunye nemoto yombane ukuze ilawule isantya semoto kunye nokukhawulezisa, kakhulu njenge-carburetor isebenza kwimoto enamandla e-petroli. Ezi nkqubo zekhompyuter zikwiinkqubo zekhompyuter azisebenzi kuphela imoto, kodwa zisebenza ngeengcango, i-windows, imeko yokujonga uxinzelelo, inkqubo yokuzonwabisa, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iimoto.
Iibhuleki
Naluphi na uhlobo lwe-brake lungasetyenziswa kwi-EVs, kodwa iinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili ziphinda zifudukele zithandwayo kwizithuthi zombane. Ukutsala ngokutsha yinkqubo apho imoto isetyenziswa khona njengomvelisi wokuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde icotha iibhetri xa imoto ihamba kancinci. Ezi nkqubo zokuqhula ziphinde ziphinde zenzeke ngamandla amanye amandla alahlekileyo ngexesha lokutsiba kwaye batshatise kwinkqubo yebhetri.
Ngexesha lokutshayela ngokutsha, amanye amandla e-kinetic oqhelekileyo angena kwiibhuleki kwaye aguqulwe abe ngumbane ukuba abe ngumbane ngumlawuli-kwaye usetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iibhetri. Ukutsala ngokutsha kwe-regeneationation akuyi kunyusa uluhlu lwemoto yombane nge-5 ukuya kwi-10%, kodwa ikwangqinile ukunciphisa ukunxiba i-brake kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa.
I-ev charger
Iindidi ezimbini zetshayi ziyafuneka. Ubungakanani betshaja epheleleyo yokufakelwa kwigaraji iyafuneka ukuze iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe se-rechargght, kunye ne-recharger ephathekayo. I-chargers ephathekayo zikhawuleza ziba zizixhobo ezisemgangathweni ezivela kubavelisi abaninzi. Ezi charger zigcinwa kwi-trunk ke iibhetri ze-Evs zingayinxalenye okanye ziphinde zibuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kuhambo olude okanye kwingxamiseko njengokuphuma kwamandla. Kwimeko yexesha elizayo siza kuqhubela phambili kwiindidi zeI-ev shatingsNjengenqanaba 1, inqanaba 2 kunye ne-wireless.
Ixesha lasemva: ngoFebruwari-20-2024